{"id":1029,"date":"2021-08-24T07:50:46","date_gmt":"2021-08-24T05:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/?p=1029"},"modified":"2021-08-24T07:53:37","modified_gmt":"2021-08-24T05:53:37","slug":"co-se-to-jen-stalo-s-muzi-studie-varuji-ze-chromozom-y-mizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/?p=1029","title":{"rendered":"Co se to jen stalo s mu\u017ei? Studie varuj\u00ed, \u017ee chromozom Y miz\u00ed!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S mu\u017ei, t\u011blesn\u00e9 konstrukce vychrtl\u00e9ho chlapce a p\u0159ehnan\u011b obta\u017een\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00edm, se roztrhl pytel \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017dijeme v dob\u011b, ve kter\u00e9 jsou slabost a neodolnos\u0165 aktivn\u011b podporov\u00e1ny, kde\u017eto s\u00edla hanobit. Siln\u00ed, svalnat\u00ed mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou vegany a vegetari\u00e1ny, se staly synonymem toxick\u00e9 maskulinity. Naopak chlapi, vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed jako nevyvinut\u00e9 chlapci, jsou nyn\u00ed v kurzu – jedn\u00e1 se o novou m\u00f3du, nebo je skute\u010dn\u011b chromozom Y na \u00fastupu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S mu\u017ei, t\u011blesn\u00e9 konstrukce vychrtl\u00e9ho chlapce a p\u0159ehnan\u011b obta\u017een\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00edm, se roztrhl pytel. Dnes je m\u00f3dn\u00ed, \u017ee chlapi nevypadaj\u00ed jako chlapi a obl\u00e9kaj\u00ed se do obtiahnutej\u0161\u00edch kalhot jako d\u00e1my. Souvis\u00ed to s geny, se stravou? Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee s ob\u011bma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed maso
Z evolu\u010dn\u00edho hlediska byl mu\u017e siln\u00fdm lovcem. \u017divil se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b masem z lovu, a d\u016fsledkem proteinu m\u011bl viditeln\u011b v\u00edce sval\u016f. H\u00fdbal se, sprintoval, lovil, stopoval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed doba v\u0161ak podporuje vegetari\u00e1nstv\u00ed a veganstv\u00ed, slav\u00ed se s\u00f3ja a rostlinn\u00e1 strava, ze kter\u00e9 nejsme schopni dostat kvalitn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fd protein a tuk, na kter\u00fd je lidsk\u00e9 pokolen\u00ed stav\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed (fyto) estrogen\u016f (s\u00f3ja, vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed hormon\u016f z antikoncepce \u2026) a nedostatek p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho pohybu a protein\u016f se na mu\u017e\u00edch podepsalo – jsou slab\u00ed, vyhubl\u00e9, nep\u016fsob\u00ed dojmem typick\u00e9ho „lovce“ a ochr\u00e1nce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FOTOGALERIE
Street style Mil\u00e1n
Zdroj: Profimedia
Tomuto faktu nahr\u00e1v\u00e1 i skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jist\u00e1 z\u017een\u0161tilost je touto dobou podporov\u00e1na – neodolnos\u0165, emo\u010dn\u00ed nestabilita a h\u00e1zen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za neschopnost zvl\u00e1dat vlastn\u00ed emoce na okol\u00ed, se pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Podle U.S Census Bureau (\u00fadaj z roku 2003) m\u00e1 skoro 14 milion\u016f mu\u017e\u016f testosteronov\u00fd deficit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cek\u00e1 n\u00e1s vymizen\u00ed chromozomu Y?
Profesor genetiky Darren K. Griffin ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci upozornil na konferenci Chromosome Conference v Manchesteru, kter\u00e1 se uskute\u010dnila v roce 2011. Na n\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161niv\u011b debatovali v\u011bdkyn\u011b Jenny Graves a Jenn Hughes o budoucnosti chromozomu Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Graves p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bla jeho zcela vymizen\u00ed b\u011bhem 2 a\u017e 4 milion\u016f let, Hughes to nevid\u00ed a\u017e tak \u010dern\u00e9 – chromozom Y se podle n\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed, jak tomu bylo i dosud. Podle Graves existuje d\u016fkaz, \u017ee chromozom Y pro\u0161el u n\u011bkter\u00fdch savc\u016f rodov\u011b specifickou degradac\u00ed, zat\u00edmco u rodov\u00fdch lini\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch hlodavc\u016f zcela vymizel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku, publikovan\u00e9m v Chromosome Research p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee prakticky u\u017e z origin\u00e1ln\u00edho Y nic nez\u016fstalo. Euchromatick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st specifick\u00e9ho regionu Y je dnes jen \u0161estinou velikosti chromozomu X, a je nositelem pouze dvan\u00e1ctiny po\u010dtu p\u016fvodn\u00edch gen\u016f. P\u0159ed 166 milion\u016fm let m\u011bli prvn\u00ed savci chromozom Y stejn\u00e9 velikosti jako X, a obsahoval stejn\u00e9 geny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetika a chromozom Y
K podobn\u00fdm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159i\u0161el i profesor genetiky Brian Sykes, kter\u00fd ve sv\u00e9 knize Adam’s Curse: A Future without Men (voln\u00fd p\u0159eklad – Adamovo proklet\u00ed: Budoucnost bez mu\u017e\u016f) p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1 z\u00e1nik chromozomu Y. Na rozd\u00edl od Graves v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee k vymizen\u00ed dojde u\u017e za 100 000 let. Jeho p\u0159edpoklady vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z porovn\u00e1n\u00ed X a Y chromozomu; v minulosti se pokl\u00e1dali oba chromozomy za identick\u00e9, dnes je Y nositelem 78 gen\u016f, zat\u00edmco X asi 800.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FOTOGALERIE
Street style Mil\u00e1n
Zdroj: Profimedia
Doktorka Hughes tuto skute\u010dnost naz\u00fdv\u00e1 genetick\u00fdm \u00fapadkem chromozomu Y. Vysv\u011btluje to t\u00edm, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od dvou X chromozom\u016f u \u017een, je velmi mal\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu mezi X a Y chromozomem b\u011bhem reprodukce. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jak\u00e9koliv mutace na chromozomu Y jsou zachov\u00e1ny mezi mu\u017eskou generac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Chromozom X lze rekombinovat s dal\u0161\u00edm X, Y to ale nedok\u00e1\u017ee po cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 d\u00e9lce. To zp\u016fsobilo n\u00e1chylnost Y k t\u011bmto v\u0161em degenerativn\u00edm vliv\u016fm, „\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doktorka Hughes,“ co\u017e je d\u016fvodem dne\u0161n\u00ed podoby chromozomu Y. „<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fd chromozom Y
Tento probl\u00e9m zkoumali i nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studie, nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u00e1nsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum z roku 2017, publikovan\u00fd v plo\u0161n\u011b Genetics. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci sekvenovali \u010d\u00e1sti chromozomu Y od 62 mu\u017e\u016f. Zjistili, \u017ee chromozom je n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k velk\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le zm\u011bn ve struktu\u0159e, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed genovou amplifikaci – tedy z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce kopi\u00ed gen\u016f, podporuj\u00edc\u00ed zdravou funkci spermi\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu gen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee d\u00edky struktur\u00e1m (palindromom), kter\u00e9 si Y vyvinul, se dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed degradac\u00ed. Tyto palindromick\u00e9 sekvence funguj\u00ed na principu kop\u00edrovat \/ vlo\u017eit, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje opravu po\u0161kozen\u00fdch gen\u016f pomoc\u00ed nepo\u0161kozen\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed kopie jako \u0161ablony. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tedy podporuj\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed Hughesov\u00e1, \u017ee chromozom Y nezmiz\u00ed, proto\u017ee bude fungovat d\u00edky sv\u00fdm obrann\u00fdm mechanismem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e1 budoucnost \u010dek\u00e1 mu\u017ee?
Tyto poznatky s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i nov\u00fd pohled na reprodukci. Chromozom Y je sice pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro reprodukci, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina gen\u016f, kter\u00e9 obsahuje, nen\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch p\u0159i asistovan\u00fdch reproduk\u010dn\u00edch technik\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S mu\u017ei, t\u011blesn\u00e9 konstrukce vychrtl\u00e9ho chlapce a p\u0159ehnan\u011b obta\u017een\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00edm, se roztrhl pytel \u2026 \u017dijeme v dob\u011b, ve kter\u00e9 jsou slabost a neodolnos\u0165 aktivn\u011b podporov\u00e1ny, kde\u017eto s\u00edla hanobit. Siln\u00ed, svalnat\u00ed mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou vegany a vegetari\u00e1ny, se staly synonymem toxick\u00e9 maskulinity. Naopak chlapi, vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed jako nevyvinut\u00e9 chlapci, jsou nyn\u00ed v kurzu – jedn\u00e1 se o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-pro-zeny"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1029"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1035,"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029\/revisions\/1035"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestyleplus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}